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Objective:To evaluate the hemostatic efficacy of N-carboxyethylchitosan fiber gauze (numbered NWL-K) in a leporine bleeding wounds of intraperitoneal parenchymal visceral.Methods:Sixty New Zealand rabbits were divided into two groups according to the randomized digital number method, with 30 rabbits per group. The leporine bleeding models of hepatic or splenic wound were made respectively. The two groups were subdivided into three groups: common gauze group, SURGICEL group and NWL-K group, with 10 rabbits per group. By analyzing the weight of excised liver tissue and amount of bleeding, the model stability was measured. The time to hemostasis and bleeding score in each group were analyzed every (20±5)seconds after compression for 30 seconds in the hepatic bleeding models or every (30±5)seconds after compression for 3 minutes in the splenic bleeding models. The adhesion between wound and gauze was evaluated at the same time.Results:There was no significant difference in the weight of excised liver tissue and amount of bleeding when the hepatic or splenic bleeding models were made ( P>0.05). It showed that the model was made stably and the hemostasis experiment would not be affected. In the splenic wound model experiment, the time to hemostasis was 255(233, 300)seconds in SURGICEL group and 210(180, 248)seconds in NWL-K group, both of which were significantly shorter than 465(383, 660)seconds in common guaze group ( P<0.05). NWL-K achieved shorter time to hemostasis than SURGICEL ( P<0.05). In the hepatic wound model experiment, the time to hemostasis was 90(85, 110)seconds in SURGICEL group and 70(70, 95)seconds in NWL-K group, both of which were significantly shorter than 250(225 290)seconds in common gauze group ( P<0.05). In the splenic wound model experiment, the bleeding score in NWL-K group and SURGICEL group decreased faster than that in common gauze group ( P<0.05). The difference of bleeding score was significant between NWL-K group and SURGICEL group at 180 seconds ( P<0.05). In the hepatic wound model experiment, the bleeding score in NWL-K group and SURGICEL group decreased faster than that in common gauze group at 50 seconds, 70 seconds and 90 seconds ( P<0.05). The bleeding score in common gauze group and NWL-K group showed significant difference at 30 seconds, 110 seconds and 130 seconds ( P<0.05). For the adhesion evaluation, both the water-absorbency and adhesion to tissue of NWL-K were better than common gauze and SURGICEL. Conclusions:For hepatic and splenic bleeding wounds, compared with other types of gauze, the application of NWL-K can effectively shorten the time to hemostasis and reduce the blood loss. The NWL-K shows high water-absorbency and firm adhesion to bleeding wound.
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Objective Metformin ( MET) is the first-line medications of choice for patients with type 2 diabetes. In recent years,a large number of studies at home and abroad have shown that metformin not only has significant effects in controlling blood sugar level of diabetic patients and intervening in impaired glucose tolerance,but also has ＂ magical＂ effects in in the field of hypoglycemic outside. In addition to the early discovery that metformin can be used to treat metabolic syndrome and polycystic ovary syndrome,control body weight,blood pressure,blood lipid,and reduce the risk of cardiovascular events,metformin can also play anti-tumor,anti-inflammatory effects,delay aging,and treat mental disorders such as depression. This article reviews the effect of metformin in the field out of hypoglycemic.
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At present, general practitioners in China lack both specialist knowledge and ability, which calls for close cooperation between general practitioners and specialists to better guarantee medical quality and patient safety. The authors reviewed the connotation, research status, development trend, problems and suggestions of general practitioners-specialists joint consultation service. Based on such, they pointed out that such a general practitioner-specialist joint clinic is quite new in the country, but numerous literature has confirmed that it can not only make up for services fragmentation, but also reduce referral rate.Furthermore, it can improve the quality of people′s lives, improve the general practitioner′s professional knowledge and skills, standardize general practitioner′s rational drug use. All these prove the reform an effective measure and deserves further promotion and greater supervision.
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Lung cancer is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality of malignant diseases in China. Approximately 57% lung cancer patients harbored distant metastases at initial diagnosis which is relevant to poor outcomes. The research strategy of anti-lung cancer metastasis now has became the new treatment directions and thoughts for lung cancer treatment. Previous studies have shown that changes in the corresponding driving genes on different signaling pathways may be related to the transfer of different organs, and the biological alteration of tumor to some extent can affect the metastatic behavior and metastatic pattern of tumor. However, current clinical and basic studies have not elucidated the molecular mechanism of the specific distant organ metastasis in the pathway of lung cancer related signal transduction, clinical research on the correlation between gene mutation and organ transfer specificity is also relatively rare. This review aims to summarize the characteristics of the expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), V-Ki-ras2 Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homologue (KRAS) in non-small cell lung cancer, and the correlation between the distribution of metastatic organs. .
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Humans , Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase , Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung , Genetics , Pathology , ErbB Receptors , Genetics , Lung Neoplasms , Genetics , Pathology , Neoplasm Metastasis , Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras) , Genetics , Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases , GeneticsABSTRACT
Objective To explore the relationship between plasma adiponectin, visfatin, leptin, and resistin levels, and the onset of colonic polyps in prediabetes subjects. Methods A total of 468 prediabetes subjects, who received colonoscopy examination, were enrolled in this study, including 248 cases of colon polyps (polyps group with prediabetes) and 220 cases without colonic mucosal lesions ( polyps-free group with prediabetes). According to the clinical characteristics of colonic polyps, colonic polyps patients with prediabetes were subdivided into single polyp group, multiple polyps group, low-risk polyps group, and high-risk polyps group, respectively. In addition, 108 subjects with normal glucose tolerance, who were matched with prediabetes subjects on gender and age, were selected as control group, and 46 cases of them were refered to polyps group with normal glucose tolerance and 62 cases were refered to polyps-free group with normal glucose. Plasma adiponectin, visfatin, leptin, and resistin levels were measured in all subjects, and related risk factors of colonic polyps in prediabetes patients were analyzed. Results Not only in normal glucose tolerance subjects, but also in prediabetes subjects, plasma visfatin levels in polyps group were significantly higher than those in polyps-free group (P＜0.05), and plasma adiponectin levels were significantly lower than those in polyps-free group [normal glucose tolerance (9.8±4.8 vs 13.3±3.9)mg/L, P＜0.05; prediabetes (5.6 ± 3.7 vs 9.2 ± 4.4)mg/L, P＜0.01], respectively. However, no significant difference in the plasma leptin and resistin levels were observed between polyps-free group and polyps group ( both P＞0. 05), respectively. In addition, in prediabetes subjects, plasma visfatin levels increased (P＜0.05) and adiponectin levels decreased significantly [(4.3 ± 2.6 vs 6.7 ± 3.9) mg/L, P＜0.05] in multiple polyps group than in single polyp group. Nevertheless, there were no significant differences in plasma leptin and resistin levels between two groups (both P＞0.05). Moreover, plasma adiponectin levels decreased significantly in high-risk polyps group with prediabetes than in low-risk polyps group with prediabetes[(3.7±2.9vs7.4±3.5)mg/L,P＜0.05].Meanwhile,noneofplasmavisfatin,leptin,andresistinlevels had shown significant difference between two groups (all P＞0.05). The multivariate logistic regression analysis found that adiponectin was an independent protective factor for colon polyps, multiple colon polyps and high-risk colon polyps. Conclusion The changes of plasma adiponectin levels might be associated with onset of colonic polyps in prediabetes.
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To establish a time-resolved fluorescence immunochromatographic assay for quantitative determination of carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) in serum, we prepared CA19-9 test strips by integrating double-antibody sandwich method and fluorescence immunochromatography technique. Carboxy fluorescent microspheres and nitrocellulose membrane were used as carriers for labeling and coating CA19-9 pairing antibodies. We optimized the process by adjusting the amount of labeling and coating antibody. According to the linear range, lowest detection limit and precision, We evaluated the time-resolved fluorescence immunochromatographic assay of CA19-9. When the amount of labeled antibody was 80 μg for 20 μL fluorescent microspheres, and the concentration of coated antibody on the test line was 1.5 mg/mL, the optimal reaction time was 15 minutes. Assay linear range was 12.5 to 800 U/mL and the minimum detection limit was 6.32 U/mL. The Within-run and between-run coefficient of variation were less than 15%. Average recovery rate was 101%. By detecting 50 clinical samples in parallel with Roche electrochemical luminescence detection kit, correlation coefficient was 0.980 6. The experiment, initially established a fluorescence immunochromatographic detection method to quantitative detection of serum CA19-9, which has a good clinical application prospect.
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This study was aimed to evaluate the apocatastasis effect and adverse reaction of external application of mirabilite in the treatment of patients with renal edema.Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were conducted.Patients in the control group were treated with routine treatment plus prescribed diuretics.In the test group,patients were treated with routine nursing,prescribed diuretics,and the external application of mirabilite.The results showed that there was significant difference in the changes of body weight and circumference of the leg.There was no significant difference in the change of urine volume.In the experimental group,2 patients had adverse reactions of the lower limb pruritus,which may be related to the sensitivity of the bag material.It was concluded that a noninvasive external therapy of TCM,mirabilite had quickly apocatastasis effect in the treatment of renal edema patients.Meanwhile,it does not affect the treatment effect of diuretics.The adverse reaction is less.It is an effective method which should be promoted to use.
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This paper was aimed to study the safety of moxibustion with FMEA method.Failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) were used in every aspect of the operation process of moxibustion.And the local skin temperature was measured in 80 patients treated with moxa box moxibustion.The results showed that the skin temperature reached the highest when the moxibustion was given for 15 min,which was in consistence with the patients' chief complaints and their tolerances.It indicated that moxibustion for 15 min was the best moxibustion amount.Meanwhile,inspection should be made to avoid burning.After the application of FMEA,the RPN of the inspection activities,the temperature and distance of moxibustion were significantly decreased (P ＜ 0.05).It was concluded that the application of FMEA management mode strengthened the risk management of moxibustion treatment,standardized treatment process,provided the basis for the temperature and distance of moxibustion,and ensured the safety and efficacy of treatment.
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Objective:To determine the content of copper and zinc in tea by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry and to investigate the influence on the content after leached for different time. Methods:The tea samples were leached for different time by boiling water and then the content of copper and zinc was determinated by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Results:When the leaching time was less than 10 min, the content of copper and zinc increased significantly with the prolongation of the leaching time, while the increase was not obvious when the leaching time was more than 10 min. Copper and zinc showed good linearity in the range of 0.02-0.15 mg/L and 0.05-0.30 mg/L,separately. The recovery was in the range of 98.5%-101.1%for copper and 98.7%-101.2%for zinc with the RSD of 0.8%in copper and zinc (n=9) . Conclusion:The method is suitable to determine the content of copper and zinc in tea. Leaching time can influence the content of copper and zinc in tea significantly.
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Objective:To investigate the impairment mechanism of learning and memory ability induced by arsenite through studying the effects of arsenite on the expression level of CaMKⅡ in the hippocampus of offspring mice at different developmental stages. Methods:The model of offspring mice exposed to arsenite (0,15,30 and 60 mg/L NaAsO2) was set up. In postnatal day (PND) 10,20 and 40,the expression levels of CaMKⅡαand CaMKⅡβmRNA in the hippocampus were measured by real-time RT-PCR. Results:In PND 10 and PND 20, the expression levels of CaMKⅡ α and CaMKⅡ β mRNA in the hippocampus of offspring mice exposed to arsenite had no significant difference compared with those in control group. In PND 40, the expression levels of CaMKⅡα mRNA in the hippocampus of offspring mice exposed to arsenite were significantly lower than those in control group, the expression levels of CaMKⅡβ mRNA in the hippocampus of offspring mice exposed to 30 and 60 mg/L arsenite were significantly lower than those in control group (P<0.05) . Conclusion:Arsenite can affect the expression levels of CaMKⅡsubunits in the hippocampus of offspring mice and further may impair the learning and memory ability.
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Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)are susceptible to influenza virus infection due to autoimmune disorder,use of glucocorticoids and the immunosuppressive agents.Influenza virus infection affects the disease stability,and the mortality of influenza virus infection in SLE patients is 5 times higher than that in general people infected by influenza virus.Vaccination is the most effective measure to prevent influenza virus infection.There is lack of studies on the influenza immunization in SLE patients in China,so this paper reviews prevention effect and safety of inoculation,the immune response to vaccine as well as the factors influencing immune response in influenza vaccination for SLE patients.
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BACKGROUND:The polymorphisms of dopamine receptor in promoter region wil affect the expression of the receptor, thereby affecting the dopaminergic neurotransmitter, final y lead to related diseases. OBJECTIVE:To construct the dual luciferase reporter vector containing human DRD1 promoter region and determine its activity, which could provide the basic tool for studying the transcriptional regulation of DRD1 gene. METHODS:DRD1 promoter sequence was amplified by PCR using the human blood genomic DNA and cloned into pGM-T vector. After sequencing, the correctly constructed vectors were ligated to the firefly luciferase reporter plasmid pGL3-Basic. The cloned pGL3-Basic vectors were transfected into HEK293 using cationic liposome method. In the meanwhile, PGL3-Basic vector with no promoter was co-transfected with pGL3-TK plasmid as negative control group. The relative fluorescence intensity was measured by chemiluminescence. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) Recombinant luciferase reporter gene vectors were confirmed by restriction analysis and sequencing. (2) Compared with the negative control group, the HEK293 cel s transfected by recombinant vectors presented transcriptional activity. (3) In conclusion, luciferase reporter gene vectors containing DRD1 promoter region are successful y constructed and can provide the basic tool for further study on the transcriptional regulation of DRD1.
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Objective To explore the effect of inhibiting Akt phosphorylation on tumor necrosis factor related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL)-induced apoptosis of human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) H1299 cells with wild type EGFR and KRAS.Methods The TRAIL-induced apoptosis was examined by the Annexin V-FITC/PI.The expressions of TRAIL-activated Akt phosphorylation and p-Akt were measured by Western blot.After cells were treated with LY294002, an inhibitor of PI3K-Akt pathway, Annexin V-FITC/PI and Western blot were used to analyze the alteration of TRAIL-induced apoptosis and Akt phosphorylation, respectively.Results H1299 cells were not sensitive to TRAIL-induced apoptosis.When TRAIL concentration was 100 ng/ml, the apoptosis rate of the test group was significantly higher than that of the control group [(15.06±1.29) ％ vs (3.56±0.50) ％, t =66.953, P =0.000].When TRAIL concentration was 500 ng/ml, the difference was not statistically significant compared with apoptosis rate of 100 ng/ml TRAIL group [(18.65±2.09) ％ vs (15.06±1.29) ％, t =2.423, P =0.136].The expression level of Akt phosphorylation in H1299 cells was increased by TRAIL in a time-dependent way.When cells were pretreated with LY294002, TRAIL-induced Akt phosphorylation was suppressed to baseline level.At the same time, the apoptosis rate in LY294002-treated group was significantly higher than that in TRAIL group [(41.65±4.62) ％ vs (15.82±0.61) ％, t =39.028, P =0.001].Conclusions TRAIL-induced Akt phosphorylation can antagonize TRAIL-induced apoptosis.Inhibition of Akt phosphorylation can significantly enhance the sensitivity of NSCLC H1299 cells with wild type EGFR and KRAS to TRAIL-induced apoptosis.
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Objective To investigate the correlation between leptin receptor(LEPR)gene Gln223Arg variation with metabo-lism syndrome and its influence on ambulatory blood pressure .Methods Totally 167 patients with metabolism syndrome were se-lected and contemporaneous 216 individuals undergoing the physical examination were selected as the control group .The blood pres-sure ,ambulatory blood pressure ,biochemical indicators and insulin were detected in all the subjects .The DNA polymorphology a-nalysis was performed by adopteint PCR—restricted fragment length polymorphism(RFLP) .The Gln223Arg genotype was judged by electrophoresis and sequencing .Results Three genotypes of AA ,GG and AG were detected .The frequency of carrying A alleles in the metabolism syndrome group was significantly higher than that in the control group .The occurrence risk of metabolism syn-drome and non—dipper type blood pressure rhythm for carrying allele A was 3 .302 times(P=0 .000;95% CI:2 .432 —4 .483)and 2 .506 times of carrying allele G(P=0 .000 ;95% CI:1 .566 —4 .008) .The patients with AA genotype had higher BMI ,blood pres-sure ,blood glucose and fasting insulin levels ,more serious dyslipidemia ,greater waist circumference and higher insulin resistance in-dex .The patients with metabolism syndrome carrying A allele also had higher ambulatory blood pressure indexes .Conclusion LEPR gene Gln223Arg polymorphism A allele carrier has the great risk for metabolism syndrome occurrence ,higher ambulatory blood pressure ,moreover is more inclined to non—dipper type blood pressure rhythm .
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Objective: To explore the relationship between 1eptin receptor gene Gln223Arg polymorphism and metabolism syndrome (MS) with its impact on cardiac structure and function. Methods: Our research included 2 groups:MS group, n=167 patients with ifrst diagnosed MS without treatment in our hospital from 2005-10 to 2008-6 and Control group, n=216 healthy subjects from regular physical examination. Blood pressure, biochemical features, insulin levels and echocardiography were detected;leptin receptor Gln223Arg genotypes were measured by PCR-RFLP;the above indexes were compared between 2 groups. Results:The patients in MS group had the higher frequency of A allele than Control group. The MS occurrence rate in allele A carrier was 3.302 times higher than allele G carrier (P=0.000;95%CI 2.432-4.483). The patients in MS group already had left ventricular hypertrophy and impaired diastolic function. Compared with MS G allele carriers, the A allele carriers had the higher BMI, blood pressure, glucose, fasting glucose and insulin levels, longer waist circumference, more serious dyslipidemia and insulin resistance, left ventricular hypertrophy and impaired diastolic function. Conclusion: Leptin receptor gene Gln223Arg polymorphism is associated with the increased risk of MS occurrence and left ventricular hypertrophy.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effect and mechanism of bevacizumab on proliferation and invasion of human lung cancer A549 cells.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A549 cells were treated with bevacizumab. Proliferation and invasion of the bevacizumab-treated A549 cells were detected using cell counting kit CCK-8 and Transwell assay, respectively. The expression of the mRNA and protein of MMP-2, MMP-9 and c-Met were detected by real-time PCR and Western blotting, respectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Proliferation activity was inhibited at the concentration of 10 µg/ml and promoted at the concentration of 100 µg/ml bevacizumab. Bevacizumab in the concentration of 50 µg/ml had a stronger inhibitory effect on the invasion of A549 cells (16 406.19 ± 5 674.23 penetrated cells) than that of control group (36 108.68 6 263.83, P<0.05). The real-time PCR showed that bevacizumab had a stronger inhibitory effect on the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 mRNA at the concentration of 50 µg/ml and on the expression c-Met mRNA at the concentration of 10 µg/ml bevacizumabin the A549 cells. However bevacizumab at the concentration of 100 µg/ml showed a promoting effect on the expression of MMP-2, MMP-9 and c-Met mRNA (1.82 ± 0.31, 1.60 ± 0.25, 2.63 ± 0.48), significantly higher than that of the control group (1.00 ± 0.19, 1.00 ± 0.23, 1.00 ± 0.22, P<0.05). The expression of MMP-2, MMP-9 and c-Met mRNA and protein was inhibited by 10 µg/ml bevacizumab in a time-dependent manner. The Western blot assay showed that bevacizumab had a bi-directional effect on the expression of MMP-2 and c-Met proteins in the A549 cells: a promoting effect at 100 µg/ml and inhibitory effect on the expression of MMP-2 at 50 µg/ml bevacizumab, and inhibitory effect on the expression of c-Met protein at 10 µg/ml bevacizumab.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Our findings indicate that in a certain range of concentrations, bevacizumab has prominent inhibitory effect on the proliferation and invasion of A549 cells. However,over the concentration of 100 µg/ml, bevacizumab shows a weakening anti-invasion effect, even has a promoting effect on cell proliferation. This phenomenon may be related to the inhibiting effect on the expression of MMP-2 and c-Met proteins in a non-concentration-dependent manner by bevacizumab.</p>
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Humans , Angiogenesis Inhibitors , Pharmacology , Bevacizumab , Pharmacology , Blotting, Western , Cell Line, Tumor , Cell Movement , Cell Proliferation , Enzyme Inhibitors , Pharmacology , Lung Neoplasms , Metabolism , Pathology , Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 , Metabolism , Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 , Metabolism , Neoplasm Invasiveness , Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-met , Metabolism , RNA, Messenger , Metabolism , Real-Time Polymerase Chain ReactionABSTRACT
This study was aimed to explore the efficacy of establishing and implementing individual healthy di-ets on patients with early diabetic nephropathy ( DN ) . A total of 120 patients with early DN of our hospital were randomly divided into two groups , which were the experimental group and the control group . There were 60 cases in each group . All patients received routine treatment . The fasting blood glucose and 24-hour uri-nary protein were measured pre-treatment , 2-week , 2-month , and 6-month after treatment . Patients in the experimental group were required to receive individual healthy diet therapy as well as routine treatment . The fasting blood glucose of both groups was compared in each stage . The fasting blood glucose of the experimental group was lower than that of the control group after 2-week treatment . After 6-month treatment , the fasting blood glucose of the experimental group was lower than that of pre-treatment . However , there was no obvious difference in the control group compared to that of pre-treatment . There were significant differences on the number of cases with fasting blood glucose below the level of 7.0 mmol/L in different stages of both groups. The 24-hour urinary protein of both groups was also compared in each stage . After 2-week treatment , there was no distinct difference on the 24-hour urinary protein in each stage of both groups . However , after 6-month treatment , the urinary protein of the experimental group , compared to pre-treatment , indicated striking difference , while the control group did not show any difference . It was concluded that individual healthy diet has a significant efficacy in the treatment of early DN , especially in reducing and controlling fasting blood glucose. After carrying out the treatment for 6 months, healthy diet also takes on distinct effects in cutting down 24-hour urinary protein and keeping the glycosylated hemoglobin below 6 . 5%.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study ingredients penetrable through placental barrier by administering pregnant rats with Scutellaria Radix extract using HPLC-MS.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Rats in early, middle and late pregnancy were intragastrically administered with Scutellaria Radix extract for 5 days. Maternal plasma and embryonic tissues were obtained at 1.5, 12 h after the final administration of Scutellaria Radix extract to determine ingredients of biological specimens.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Under the optimum experimental conditions, seven compounds were detected in all pregnant rat plasma, specifically including baicalin, wogonoside, baicalein, wogonin and oroxylin A. The seven compounds were also discovered in embryonic tissues of rats in early pregnancy, including the five detected compounds. But they were not detected in embryonic tissues of rats in middle pregnancy, and six compounds except baicalein were detected embryonic tissues of rats in late pregnancy.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Ingredients contained in Scutellaria Radix are detected in pregnant rats at different stages, except those in middle pregnancy, indicating a potential in utero exposure in case of oral administration of Scutellaria Radix pregnancy. Therefore, a study of embryotoxicity shall be continued to evaluate the safety of Scutellaria Radix extract.</p>
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Animals , Female , Pregnancy , Rats , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Chemistry , Pharmacokinetics , Placenta , Metabolism , Plant Extracts , Chemistry , Pharmacokinetics , Scutellaria baicalensis , ChemistryABSTRACT
Objective To analyze the influencing factors on hospitalization costs of osteoporosis hip fracture in elderly patients.Methods The hospitalization expenses of patients with osteoporotic hip fracture and influencing factors were analyzed by single factor analysis of variance and multiple regression analysis method in Beijing Ji Shuitan Hospital from 2009 July to 2010 December.Results Among 565 patients who underwent operation treatment,hospitalization costs of femoral neck fracture was (42 127±20 821) yuan,wherein the treatment fee was (27 283± 14 959) yuan,other expenses (expenses for medicine,examination and chemical examination) were (14 844 ± 8717) yuan.The above values of intertrochanteric fracture were (52 965± 15 901) yuan,(36 872±11 763) yuan and (16 093±7793) yuan,respectively.Treatment fee occupied 65％ of hospitalization expenses.Multivariate regression analysis of influencing factors of costs intertrochanteric revealed that femoral neck fractures hip arthroplasty,femoral intertrochanteric fracture,venous thrombosis of the lower extremity,and albumin infusion in perioperative period were correlated firmly with the increased hospitalization expenses and treatment expenses (P＜0.001).Comorbidities such as diabetes and anemia,perioperative complication such as delirium,cardiac disease,pulmonary embolism,pulmonary infection were related to the other higher expenses (P＜0.05).The longer of hospital stay resulted in higher cost of hospitalization (P ＜ 0.001).Conclusions Comorbidities and preoperative complications can increase other expenses.Osteoporotie hip fracture,with a high hospitalization cost,is a heavy economy burden.It is important to emphasize the disease prevention of both osteoporosis and aging chronic illness.
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Objective To study the effect of estrogen on myocardial injury in hypothyroidism rats and to reveal the pathology of occurrence and development of the myocardial injury in hypothyroidism rats.Methods The model of hypothyroidism rats was established by feeding propylthiouracil.The pathology of the female group ( n =40 ) and male group ( n =40 ) was observed dynamicly.The presence of myocardial apoptosis cell was demonstrated by the method of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dTUP nick end labeling (TUNEL).And the immunohistochemistry was used to determine the expression of Caspase-3 and Bcl-2 in the myocardial cells.Results The myocardial cell apoptosis appeared in hypothyroidism rats.With the development of the disease,the apoptosis myocardial cell was increased progressively (Female rats group:the numbers of myocardial cell apoptosis at 3,6,8,10,and 12 weeks were 16.40 ± 2.62,29.50 ± 2.67,34.50 ± 3.34,42.70 ±3.24,and 56.00 ± 2.90 respectively,P ＜ 0.05 ; Male rats group:the numbers of myocardial cell apoptosis at 3,6,8,10,and 12 week were 21.60 ± 2.67,35.50 ± 2.94,41.70 ± 2.96,46.70 ± 3.11,and 60.70 ± 3.31respectively,P ＜ 0.05 ),which indicated that estrogen may be related to myocardial cell apoptosis.Conclusion The myocardial cell apoptosis is related with the myocardial injury in hypothyroidism rats.Myocardial cell apoptosis may result in the myocardial injury.The estrogen participates in regulating apoptosis,but its function gradually weakens with the development of the hypothyroidism.